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| 花后干旱胁迫下氮素对复播大豆产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen on yield，quality，and water and nitrogen use efficiency of multiple cropping soybean under drought stress after anthesis |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-11 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0146 |
| 中文关键词: 复播大豆，干旱胁迫，氮积累，水氮利用效率，产量 |
| 英文关键词: reseeding soybean, drought stress, nitrogen accumulation, water and nitrogen use efficiency, yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501406）；第七师-石河子大学科技创新专项（QS2023013） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究干旱胁迫下施氮对复播大豆地上部干物质积累、氮分配、氮代谢酶活性、大豆产量及品质的影响，本研究基于盆栽试验，设计 2个水分处理[干旱（SD）：盆栽灌溉至 45%~55%田间持水量；充分灌水（SF）：将盆栽灌溉至 75%~85%田间持水量]和 3个施氮水平[低氮（N1）：275 kg·hm-2；中氮（N2）：413 kg·hm-2；高氮（N3）：550 kg·hm-2]，研究复播大豆在花后生长生理特性、产量、品质对干旱胁迫及各施氮量的响应特征。结果表明，干旱胁迫导致花后地上部总干物质积累、器官氮含量、氮代谢酶活性、产量和品质降低。满粒期 SD处理下 N3总干物质积累较 N1处理增加 36.53%，SD使大豆各器官氮含量较 SF显著下降。随着施氮量的增加，器官氮含量增加，满粒期N3较N1处理籽粒氮含量升高了28.16%。SD使硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性在N1处理下较SF分别降低28.79%和29.15%，在N2处理下显著增加。与SF相比，N1处理SD使大豆产量和氮肥偏生产力（PFPN）分别降低26.20% 和 26.24%，水分利用效率（WUEg）增加 18.21%。SD胁迫导致大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量降低，与 SF相比，N1处理下大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量分别降低2.13个和1.94个百分点，且各指标都在N2处理下最佳。土壤水分和氮肥的供应对复播大豆产量具有一定的调控和互补效应，干旱胁迫下，增加氮输入能增强复播大豆氮代谢酶活性，促进各器官干物质积累、氮素分配与转运；随着施氮量的增加，复播大豆地上部干物质积累、器官氮积累、氮代谢酶活性、产量、蛋白质及脂肪含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势，且各指标在施氮量为413 kg·hm-2下最优，施氮肥可有效缓解干旱对复播大豆造成的伤害。本研究表明，在北疆复播大豆适宜施氮量为413 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Effects of nitrogen application on aboveground dry matter accumulation, nitrogen distribution, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, yield, and quality of soybean under drought stress were studied to provide a basis for nutrient management and stress regulation of regional soybean. A pot experiment was conducted with two water treatments（drought, SD：potted plants irrigated to 45% – 55% of field capacity; full irrigation, SF：potted plants irrigated to 75%–85% of field capacity）and three nitrogen levels（low nitrogen, N1：275 kg·hm-2; medium nitrogen, N2：413 kg·hm-2; high nitrogen, N3：550 kg·hm-2）. The response characteristics of growth, physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of soybean after flowering to drought stress and nitrogen application were studied. The results showed that drought stress decreased the total dry matter accumulation, organ nitrogen content, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, yield, and quality of soybean after anthesis. The total dry matter accumulation under N3 treatment with SD at full grain stage increased by 36.53% compared with N1 treatment. SD resulted in a significant decrease in nitrogen content in various organs of soybean compared with SF. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application at full grain stage, the nitrogen content of organs increased, with the N3 treatment increasing the total nitrogen content of organs by 28.16% compared with the N1 treatment. SD decreased the activities of nitrate reductase（NR）and glutamine synthetase（GS）by 28.79% and 29.15%, respectively, under the N1 treatment, and significantly increased these parameters under N2 treatment. Compared with SF, N1 treatment with SD decreased soybean yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity（PFPN）by 26.20% and 26.24%, respectively, and increased water use efficiency（WUEg）by 18.21%. Compared with SF, the protein and fat contents of soybean under N1 treatment decreased by 2.13 and 1.94 percentage points, respectively, and each index was the best under N2 treatment. The supply of soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer had a certain regulation and complementary effect on the yield of reseeding soybean. Under drought stress, increasing nitrogen input could enhance the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in reseeding soybean and promote dry matter accumulation and nitrogen distribution and transport in various organs. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the aboveground dry matter accumulation, organ nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, yield, and protein and fat contents of soybean showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and each index was optimal at 413 kg·hm-2. Nitrogen application can effectively alleviate the damage caused by drought to soybean. In the arid area of northern Xinjiang, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 413 kg·hm-2. |
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